The Ultimate Music Production Glossary
New to Music Production and not sure how or where to start? We’ve put together an ultimate list of over 100 common music production terms, slang and definitions to help you understand how you can spice up your music.
Keep this page close by when you’re in the studio to reference while you're on your music-making journey.
A
AAX
A plugin format native to Avid Pro Tools. It replaced the previously used format RTAS.
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Additive Synthesis
A method of audio synthesis that outputs sound by mathematically adding harmonics, usually with sine waves, to each other.
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ADSR
Acronym for Attack, Decay, Sustain, and Release. It refers to the characteristics of envelopes usually applied to a sound to shape it over time. Can be applied to the amplitude, filter, pitch, etc. Read more...
Aftertouch
A MIDI parameter that utilizes pressure applied to a key or pad after it has been initially played. It is then mapped to control a specific sound characteristic, such as volume, filter cutoff, etc. Read more...
AIFF
Acronym for Audio Interchange File Format. It is a high-quality audio file format created by Apple and similar to the WAV format. Read more...
Arpeggiator
A MIDI tool that turns any chord into individual notes played consecutively at a specified rate. Read more...
Arranger
The Arranger is the area located in the upper part of the MASCHINE window, under the Header. It contains two views: the Ideas and Song views. Read more...
ASIO
Acronym for "Audio Stream Input/Output". It's a computer sound card driver protocol for digital audio on Windows operating systems. It provides a low-latency and high-fidelity interface. Read more...
AU
Acronym for Audio Unit. It is a plugin format created by Apple and is compatible with macOS/OSX only. Read more...
Audio Interface
A piece of hardware that can receive and output audio. Read more...
Autoload
When the Autoload functionality in MASCHINE is enabled, any Group, Sound, Pattern, Plug-in preset, or Sample that you select in the Browser is instantly loaded into the selected slot. Read more...
B
Band Pass Filter
A filter type that combines a low-pass and a high-pass filter, allowing only a set range of frequencies of a sound through. Read more...
Bar
A musical term describing a measure of beats. In western music, this is typically a measure of 4 beats, but it can also vary depending on the time signature (i.e., 3/4, 5/4, 7/8, etc.). Read more...
Beatmatch
A DJing process whereby two or more tracks are matched in tempo and key to ensure a seamless transition between the two. Read more...
Bit Depth
The number of bits allowed for the dynamic range of an audio recording. Most modern music recorded in digital environments is formatted to 24-bit. A larger bit depth allows for a wider dynamic range. Read more...
Bitrate
The number of bits that are contained in an audio file every second, measured in kbps (kilo-bits per second). "320kbps" is an example of what an MP3 can store, while a WAV file usually has 1411kbps or a higher rate. Higher usually means better quality. Can be CBR (constant bitrate) or VBR (variable bitrate). Read more...
Bounce
A term that refers to different audio sources being summed together and exported as a singular audio file. Read more...
BPM
Beats Per Minute. Refers to the tempo, measured in the number of beats per minute. Read more...
Bus
A term used to refer to an auxiliary track that receives audio from multiple other sources from other tracks. For example, a bus may group vocals, piano, and synthesizers together after their individual processing. This bus will then allow for group effect processing, such as reverb, compression, etc. Read more...
Bus-Powered
This usually refers to a USB-connected device that draws its power from the USB connection itself and does not require any kind of external power source. Read more...
Bypass
This term refers to temporarily disabling an effect so that the signal can be heard with the effect off. It is often found as a switch on effect plugins. Read more...
C
Channel
An audio path going from a source (such as a plug-in) or an input to an output.Audio Channel
Channel Properties
Sets of parameters available at each Project level (i.e., for each Sound, each Group, and for the Master) in MASCHINE that are independent of the Plug-ins loaded in that Sound/Group/Master. Examples include volume, pan, or swing controls, which are properties of their respective Sound/Group/Master channel.Audio Channel
Chorus
A time-based effect that adds 2 or more shifting delays, creating a "detuning" effect.Chorus Effect
Class-Compliant
A term commonly used to describe a USB or Thunderbolt device that is 'plug-and-play'. Class-Compliant devices can be connected to the computer and will operate as expected without the need to install a driver.USB - Class Compliance
Clock Signal
A signal that provides BPM information for devices to synchronize and stay in time together. Usually, one device outputs the signal, and the others receive it. The signal can be transmitted over MIDI or CV. Read more...
Compression
A dynamic range effect that reduces the level of a signal when it exceeds a certain volume and increases the level when the signal is at a specified lower volume. It is often used to reduce the dynamic range of a sound and make its volume more consistent throughout. Read more...
Controller
A MIDI hardware device that controls the parameters of a piece of software or another device. Examples include KOMPLETE KONTROL S61 MK2 and MASCHINE MK3. Read more...
Control Area
The Control area is located in the middle of the MASCHINE window, allowing you to adjust all Plug-in parameters and Channel properties for the selected Sound/Group or the Master level, such as routing, effects, and Macro Controls. Read more...
Control Lane
Located at the bottom of the Pattern Editor in the MASCHINE window, the Control Lane shows and lets you edit the recorded automation in the form of automation points for each automated parameter. It allows adding, removing, or manipulating existing automation points, as well as adding new parameters to automate. Read more...
Control Mode
The default mode of a controller, in which you can play or record your actions in real-time. In MASCHINE, control mode also allows you to easily adjust any parameter of your Groups and Sounds via the Control section of your controller. Read more...
Control Voltage (CV)
Control Voltage, often abbreviated as CV, is an electrical signal used to change the characteristics of a sound depending on its voltage level. It is commonly used in the context of analog/modular synthesizers. Read more...
Crossfader
A DJ control on a hardware device, such as TRAKTOR KONTROL S4, that fades between two audio sources, such as Deck A and Deck B. Read more...
Cue Playback
A control on any DJ system that allows a track to be played from a certain point in time while being held down.Cue (Audio)Cutoff FrequencyA control on a filter that specifies where the frequencies will ramp off. Read more...
D
DAW
Acronym for Digital Audio Workstation. A DAW is the software in which music is created, recorded, and edited in a modern studio environment. Examples include Logic Pro, Cubase, Ableton Live, FL Studio, and many more. Read more...
Decibel (dB)
The standard measurement for loudness. dB is a ratio measurement that always requires a reference point from which to measure. Common dB measurements include dBFS (digital audio, where 0dB is clipping) and dB SPL (in acoustics, where 0dB is near silence).Read more...
De-esser
A type of multiband compressor that specifically acts on the frequency bands where sibilance is likely to be heard. It is used to remove higher frequencies dynamically, especially those associated with "s" and "sh" sounds, reducing their harshness in vocal recordings. Read more...
Delay
A time-based audio effect that creates a series of echoes occurring at intervals one after the other. It can be used to create spatial effects, add depth to a sound, or create rhythmic patterns. Read more...
Distortion
The processing of audio in a way that adds extra harmonics and loudness, resulting in a fuller or aggressive sound. Distortion can be achieved through various techniques, such as overdriving analog or digital circuits, using distortion effects, or through digital processing algorithms. Read more...
DSP
Acronym for Digital Signal Processing. It refers to any audio processing that occurs in the digital domain using algorithms. DSP techniques are used for various audio effects, filters, equalization, compression, and more. Read more...
Dynamic Range
Refers to the number of decibels (dB) between the highest and the lowest points in a source's amplitude. It represents the range of volume levels within a sound or music piece. A smaller difference indicates a lower dynamic range, while a larger difference indicates a higher dynamic range. Dynamic range affects the perceived loudness and expression of audio. Read more...
E
Early Reflections
Part of a reverb tail, the early reflections describe the initial body of reverberation that comes from natural or algorithmic reverberation. These reflections are the first reflections that occur in a space and contribute to the perception of space and depth in the sound. Read more...
Echo
A reflection of sound that arrives at the listener with a delay after the direct sound. Echoes are distinct repetitions of the original sound that occur due to sound reflecting off surfaces and traveling a longer path. They can create a sense of space, add rhythmic patterns, or be used as a creative effect in audio production. Read more...
Effect
An effect (or 'FX') modifies the audio signals it receives. Effects can alter various aspects of the sound, such as its frequency content, timing, spatial characteristics, or dynamics. Common effects include EQ (equalization), reverb, delay, chorus, and many others. Effects can be stock effects provided by software or external plugins (VST/AU). Read more...
Envelope
An envelope is a modulation source that affects the character of a sound over time. It typically defines how a specific parameter, such as volume, waveshape, or filter cutoff, changes from the moment a sound is triggered until it fades out. Envelopes commonly have stages like Attack, Decay, Sustain, and Release (ADSR), shaping the contour of the sound's evolution. Read more...
F
Feedback
When an effect feeds the output signal back into the input signal, such as a delay or distortion, to exaggerate the effect. Feedback creates a loop where the processed signal is repeatedly fed back into itself, resulting in prolonged or repeated effects. In the case of delay, more feedback extends the duration of the delay's repeats, creating a longer tail. Read more...
Filter
An effect that only allows a certain band of frequencies to pass through it while attenuating or eliminating others. Filters shape the frequency content of a sound by emphasizing or reducing specific frequency ranges. There are various types of filters, including low-pass filters, high-pass filters, bandpass filters, and band-reject filters, each with its own characteristics and applications. Read more...
Flanger
A time-based effect that creates a sweeping, swirling sound by mixing a copy of the original signal with a slightly delayed version. The delay time is modulated within a small range (typically 0ms to 5ms), resulting in phase cancellations and reinforcements that produce additional harmonic content or detuning effects. Flangers are commonly used on guitars, vocals, and other instruments. Read more...
FM
Acronym for Frequency Modulation. FM is a form of sound synthesis achieved by modulating the frequency of basic waveforms (e.g., sine waves) with each other. It creates complex harmonic spectra and rich timbres. FM synthesis was popularized by the Yamaha DX7 synthesizer and is widely used in FM synthesizers like FM8. It offers a wide range of sound design possibilities. Read more...
G
Gain
The initial level at which a sound source is being pre-amplified. Gain determines the input signal's strength and can be adjusted to control the volume or level of a sound. Higher gain settings can result in overdriven or distorted sounds as they amplify all the harmonic content present in the sound source. Gain is commonly adjusted using preamp controls, volume knobs, or gain stages in audio equipment and software. Read more...
Gain Reduction
The resulting decrease in gain after downward compression is applied to a sound. Gain reduction occurs when the level of the audio signal exceeds the compression threshold, and the compressor reduces the gain or volume accordingly. It helps to control the dynamic range and make the sound more consistent. After applying gain reduction, the output gain is often adjusted to compensate for any perceived loss in volume. Read more...
Grain
An extremely short snippet of audio, typically just a few milliseconds long. Grains are often repeated in quick succession to achieve oscillation, texture, or granular synthesis effects. In granular synthesis, the audio sample is broken down into many tiny grains that can be manipulated and recombined to create unique soundscapes and textures. Each grain contributes to the overall sound character.
Grain Delay
A type of delay effect that works by repeating very short fragments of sound called grains and playing them back in quick succession. The grains are typically modulated and can be pitched, time-stretched, panned, and filtered to create rhythmic patterns, evolving textures, or glitchy effects. Grain delay provides unique and creative possibilities for sound design and is often used in electronic music and experimental genres.
Granular Synthesis
A synthesis method that takes an audio file and cuts it into grains, small fragments of sound. These grains are then manipulated and recombined to create different waveshapes and textures. Granular synthesis offers precise control over the sound's characteristics, such as pitch, duration, and spatialization, allowing for intricate and evolving soundscapes. It is commonly used in contemporary electronic music and sound design. Read more...
Graphic Equalizer
A type of equalizer that divides the frequency spectrum into defined bands or sliders and allows individual gain adjustment for each band. Graphic equalizers are often represented as a graph with vertical sliders representing each frequency band. They are useful for precise frequency shaping and tonal balance adjustments in audio systems, live sound mixing, and studio production. Read more...
H
Headroom
Refers to the number of decibels between the peak level of a sound and 0dB in audio. It represents the available space or margin above the average level of a signal before it reaches the maximum digital or analog limit. Headroom is important for preventing distortion or clipping in audio signals. In the context of mastering, headroom allows the mastering engineer to apply processing and make adjustments to the final mix without introducing distortion, ensuring the best possible sound quality. Headroom is typically measured in decibels (dB). Read more...
I
IR (Impulse Response)
IR stands for Impulse Response. It is an audio file that captures the acoustic characteristics of a particular room, space, or environment. Impulse responses are commonly used in convolution reverbs to simulate the reverb of real-world locations. The IR file contains the sonic fingerprint of the space, representing how it responds to an impulse sound. By loading an IR into a convolution reverb plugin or hardware unit, you can apply the characteristics of that space's natural reverb to any sound, allowing you to create a sense of space and realism in your audio recordings or mixes. Impulse responses are particularly useful for recreating the acoustics of environments that would be impractical or impossible to record in, such as concert halls, cathedrals, or famous studios. Read more...
I/O
Acronym for Input / Output. It refers to the input and output connections and routing capabilities of audio devices, software, or systems. In a DAW (Digital Audio Workstation) or audio interface, the I/O section allows you to configure how audio signals are routed between different channels and devices. This includes selecting and configuring inputs (such as microphones, instruments, or external audio sources) and outputs (such as speakers, headphones, or external audio devices), as well as setting up signal paths, busses, and routing configurations. The I/O section provides control and flexibility in managing audio signals within an audio production setup. Read more...
J
Jitter
Jitter, in the context of digital audio, refers to the variations or distortions in the timing of recording or playback of a digital audio signal. It can occur due to imperfections in the clocking mechanisms used to sample and reproduce the audio. Jitter can introduce small deviations in the timing of the samples, causing inconsistencies in the playback of the audio signal. These deviations can manifest as timing inaccuracies or artifacts in the sound. Minimizing jitter is important for maintaining accurate and stable audio reproduction in digital systems. Techniques such as high-quality clocking and synchronization methods are employed to reduce jitter in digital audio equipment. Read more...
Jogwheel
The jogwheel is a control feature found on TRAKTOR devices (such as DJ controllers or mixers). It consists of rotating "platters" that allow DJs to interact with the playback of tracks. DJs can use the jogwheel for various functions, such as adjusting the playback speed, scratching, beatmatching, or manually synchronizing the timing of multiple decks. By rotating or nudging the jogwheel, DJs can manipulate the playback position of a track for precise control and performance techniques. The jogwheel is a versatile tool for DJs to creatively manipulate and interact with their music during a live performance. Read more...
K
kHzk
Hz stands for kilohertz, which is a unit of measurement used to represent frequency in audio and digital systems. It is equal to 1,000 hertz. In the context of sample rate, kHz is used to specify the number of samples taken per second during digital audio recording or playback. For example, a sample rate of 44.1 kHz means that 44,100 samples are taken per second to reproduce the audio signal. A higher sample rate generally allows for more accurate audio reproduction and capturing of high-frequency content. Read more...
Knee
The knee control on a compressor determines how the compressor responds when the input signal exceeds the threshold. A hard knee setting means that the compressor acts abruptly and applies the specified compression ratio as soon as the signal crosses the threshold. On the other hand, a soft knee setting gradually increases the compression ratio as the signal approaches and exceeds the threshold, resulting in a smoother and more transparent compression. The choice of knee setting depends on the desired compression characteristics and the nature of the audio material. Read more...
L
LFO
LFO stands for Low-Frequency Oscillator. It is an oscillator that operates at a frequency below the range of human hearing and is typically used as a modulation source in audio synthesis. LFOs generate periodic waveforms, such as sine, triangle, square, or sawtooth waves, that can be used to modulate various parameters of a sound, such as pitch, amplitude, filter cutoff, or pan position. They add movement, rhythmic variation, and effects like vibrato or tremolo to the sound. Low-frequency Oscillation
Limiter
A limiter is an audio effect that works similarly to a compressor but with an extremely high compression ratio, often set at ∞:1 or infinity-to-one. The limiter's primary function is to prevent the audio signal from exceeding a certain level, usually the threshold set at 0dB. It ensures that no audio signal goes above the threshold by applying a fast and transparent gain reduction, allowing for maximum loudness while preventing distortion. Limiters are commonly used in mastering and broadcast applications to control peaks and achieve a consistent and controlled output level. Read more...
Link
Link is a technology standard developed by Ableton that enables the synchronization of software and devices across different platforms and applications in real-time. It allows for the wireless syncing of audio, MIDI, and clock information between compatible devices. With Link, software applications like TRAKTOR and MASCHINE can sync with Ableton Live or other Link-enabled devices, ensuring tight timing and tempo synchronization. It simplifies the process of integrating multiple devices and software in a collaborative or performance setup. Read more...
M
MIDI
Stands for Musical Instrument Digital Interface. It is a protocol that allows electronic musical instruments, computers, and other devices to communicate with each other. MIDI messages can transmit various types of data, such as note information, control changes, pitch bend, modulation, and more. MIDI over USB is a common method of connecting MIDI devices to computers, allowing for MIDI data exchange between them. Read more...
Modulation
In music production, modulation refers to the process of changing a parameter or sound characteristic over time using a modulation source. Modulation can add movement, expression, and variation to sounds. Common modulation sources include LFOs, envelopes, MIDI controllers, and automation. Parameters that can be modulated include pitch, volume, filter cutoff, modulation depth, and more. Read more...
Modulation Wheel
The modulation wheel, also known as a mod wheel, is a physical control found on many keyboards and synthesizers. It allows the player to manually modulate a particular parameter, such as vibrato depth, filter cutoff frequency, or any other assignable parameter. By moving the mod wheel, the player can introduce expressive changes to the sound in real-time. Read more...
Monophonic
Refers to a musical instrument, synthesizer, or sampler that can play only one note at a time. Unlike polyphonic instruments that can play multiple notes simultaneously, monophonic instruments are limited to producing a single note at any given time. Monophonic instruments are commonly used for basslines, leads, and solo melodies. Read more...
N
Nyquist Frequency
The highest frequency (pitch or note) that can be accurately recorded and reproduced in a digital system. It is determined by the sample rate, which is typically set to twice the Nyquist frequency to meet the requirements of the Nyquist-Shannon theorem. Read more...
O
Octave
A musical interval that represents the doubling or halving of a frequency. It refers to the distance between two notes where the higher note has a frequency twice that of the lower note. Octaves are used to describe pitch relationships and provide a way to categorize and transpose musical elements. Read more...
Oscillator
A source that generates a specific waveform in a synthesizer. It produces an electrical signal with a specific shape, such as a sine wave, sawtooth wave, pulse/square wave, or triangle wave. Oscillators are used to create the basic sound foundation in synthesis and can be manipulated to change pitch, timbre, and other sonic characteristics. They can be controlled by performed or sequenced notes, as well as modulation sources. Read more...
P
Pan
The process of moving a sound in the stereo field to the left or right speakers. Adjusting the pan control determines the balance between the two channels and allows for stereo imaging and spatial placement of audio sources. Read more...
Parallel Compression
A compression method that involves mixing the affected signal in parallel to the original sound. This approach allows for blending the dynamics of the compressed and uncompressed signals, resulting in a more controlled and punchy sound while retaining the original dynamics and character. Read more...
Parametric EQA
Type of EQ (equalizer) that includes a set amount of customizable frequency bands. Parametric EQs allow for precise control over the shape, frequency, gain, width, and slope of the EQ curves. This enables specific and surgical EQ processing, allowing you to target and adjust specific frequencies in the audio signal. Most DAWs include parametric EQs as stock effects, offering versatile equalization capabilities. Read more...
Phantom Power
A setting found on audio interfaces and mixers that provides +48V of power to condenser microphones. Condenser microphones require phantom power to operate, while dynamic microphones do not. Phantom power is typically used to supply the necessary voltage to the microphone's internal circuitry, allowing it to capture sound with high sensitivity and accuracy. Read more...
Phase
Refers to the vibration of air caused by a generated sound and the position of the signal at a given time. In audio, phase is measured in degrees, where 0º represents the starting point of the waveform, and 180º represents the inversion of the signal. When two copies of the same sound have their phases set opposite each other (one at 0º and the other at 180º), they can cancel each other out and produce silence, resulting in phase cancellation. Read more...
Phaser
A time-based effect that creates sweeping spectral changes by combining a copy of the original signal with a version of itself that is slightly delayed and phase-shifted. The phaser effect introduces audible peaks and dips in the frequency spectrum, altering the harmonic content of the original source and creating a swirling or "phasing" sound. The modulation of the phase shifting is often controlled by an LFO (Low-Frequency Oscillator), adding movement and animation to the effect. Read more...
Phono
A term used synonymously with RCA inputs/outputs and the corresponding cable format. Phono plugs are commonly found on audio devices such as turntables, cassette decks, and mixers. They are used for connecting analog audio signals between devices and typically carry signals at line level or phono level, depending on the specific application and device. Read more...
Pitch
A term used synonymously with frequency in the context of music and sound. Pitch refers to the perceived highness or lowness of a sound, and it is determined by the frequency of the sound wave. Higher frequencies result in higher pitches, while lower frequencies produce lower pitches. Read more...
Pitch Bend
A control found on instruments, particularly keyboards and synthesizers, that allows the user to manually change the pitch of the played note. The pitch bend control typically takes the form of a wheel or lever that can be manipulated to raise or lower the pitch of the sound being produced. This feature adds expressiveness and the ability to perform pitch variations and slides in real-time. Read more...
Plug-in
Software that can be used inside a digital audio workstation (DAW) to expand its functionality. Plug-ins include various types of effects, sound generators, and utility tools. They are designed to be integrated seamlessly within the DAW environment and can be used to enhance, modify, or create audio content. Common plug-in formats include VST, AU, and AAX, which are supported by different DAWs and platforms. Read more...
Polyphonic
The capability of an instrument to play multiple notes simultaneously. A polyphonic instrument can produce and sustain multiple independent voices or pitches at the same time, allowing for chords and complex musical arrangements. This is in contrast to a monophonic instrument, which can only play one note at a time. Read more...
Preamp
Short for pre-amplifier, a preamp is a device or circuitry used to amplify a weak audio signal before it is further processed, recorded, or sent to a set of speakers or power amplifiers. Preamps are commonly found in audio interfaces, mixers, and other recording equipment. They boost the signal level, improving its strength and quality, and prepare it for subsequent stages in the audio chain. Read more...
Pre-delay
A setting found on reverb units that controls the amount of time between the original sound and the onset of the early reflections in the reverb tail. Increasing the pre-delay time creates a delay between the direct sound and the reflections, allowing for a sense of spaciousness and separation in the reverb effect. It helps to define the perceived distance between the audio source and the resulting reverb. Read more...
PWM
Acronym for Pulse Width Modulation, a synthesis technique that involves changing the relative duration (width) of a pulse wave's high and low states over time. By modulating the pulse width, the harmonic content of the wave can be shaped, resulting in different timbres and tonal variations. PWM is commonly used in synthesizers to generate rich and dynamic sounds. Read more...
Q
Quantize
The process of aligning MIDI or audio data to a specified rhythmic grid or tempo. Quantization is commonly used to correct timing discrepancies or human performance errors in recorded MIDI or audio tracks. By quantizing, the notes or audio events are snapped to the nearest grid divisions, ensuring that they are precisely synchronized with the underlying beat or tempo of the music. This helps to achieve tighter and more consistent rhythmic patterns. Read more...
R
RAM
Acronym for Random Access Memory. RAM is a type of computer memory that provides temporary storage for data that is actively being used or processed. It allows the computer to quickly access and manipulate data, including software applications, files, and data needed by running processes. In the context of music production, RAM is important for tasks such as loading and running sample libraries, virtual instruments, and other resource-intensive operations. Read more...
Ratio
A control parameter found on compressors that determines the amount of gain reduction applied to a signal once it exceeds the threshold. The ratio defines the relationship between the input level and the output level. For example, a ratio of 2:1 means that for every 2 dB the input level exceeds the threshold, the output level will be reduced by 1 dB. Higher ratio settings result in more aggressive compression, while lower ratios provide more subtle compression effects. Read more...
Reverberation (reverb)
Also known as reverb, it is a time-based audio effect that simulates the natural reflections of sound in an acoustic space. Reverberation occurs when sound waves bounce off surfaces in an environment, creating a complex pattern of echoes that blend together. In music production, reverberation can be achieved through various techniques, including algorithmic processing or convolution using impulse responses. Reverb adds depth, spaciousness, and realism to audio recordings, making them sound as if they were recorded in different physical spaces. Read more...
S
Sample
A piece of pre-existing audio used as a sound in a composition. Samples can be any recorded material that is then repurposed or sequenced. In music production, samples are often used to add specific sounds, textures, or elements to a composition. They can be drum hits, vocal phrases, instrument recordings, sound effects, or any other recorded sound that is incorporated into a musical piece. Read more...
Sampler
An electronic instrument that can record or load samples and allows for their playback. Samplers are widely used in music production and provide a versatile means of manipulating and triggering samples. They typically include features such as sample mapping, key tracking, pitch control, envelope shaping, and effects processing. Popular software samplers include MASCHINE, KONTAKT, and BATTERY. Read more...
Sample Rate
The "speed" at which an audio file is recorded and played back in the digital domain. Sample Rate refers to the number of samples per second taken from an analog audio signal to represent it digitally. It is measured in Hertz (Hz) and determines the frequency range that can be accurately reproduced. The higher the sample rate, the more faithfully the original audio can be reproduced, especially for higher frequencies. The standard sample rate for audio CDs and most digital audio formats is 44.1kHz (44,100 samples per second), which is approximately double the upper limit of human hearing. Higher sample rates, such as 48kHz, 96kHz, or 192kHz, are often used in professional audio production for increased fidelity and precision. Read more...
Sequence
A series of samples, notes, or sounds that are placed into a particular order for playback. Sequencing involves arranging musical elements in a specific sequence or pattern to create a composition. In music production, sequences can be created using MIDI data or audio clips and arranged within a sequencer or DAW timeline. This allows for precise control over the timing, duration, and placement of musical elements, facilitating the creation of complex musical arrangements and structures.SequencerA basic functionality of a DAW (Digital Audio Workstation) that allows users to compose and organize samples, notes, and sounds to create music. A sequencer provides a visual interface for creating, editing, and arranging musical events in a timeline or grid format. It enables precise control over the timing, duration, and placement of musical elements, including MIDI notes, automation data, and audio clips. Modern sequencers often include advanced features such as quantization, looping, real-time recording, and extensive editing capabilities, empowering musicians and producers to create intricate compositions and arrangements. Read more...
Sidechain
A tool on compressors that uses a second input to trigger when the compression occurs. Sidechain compression is commonly used in music production to create rhythmic pumping effects or to prioritize certain elements in a mix. For example, a kick drum can be used as the sidechain input to trigger compression on a bassline or pad sound, causing the volume of those sounds to "duck" or reduce in level whenever the kick drum hits. Sidechain compression can help create more space in a mix and enhance the groove and rhythmic impact of a track. Read more...
Standalone Mode
This refers to using the application version (standalone) of a software instrument or tool, as opposed to the plugin version. When a software instrument is opened in standalone mode, it means that it is launched as a standalone application independent of any DAW or host software. Standalone mode allows for using the instrument or tool without requiring it to run inside a host environment, providing greater flexibility and control. It can be useful for tasks such as sound design, standalone performance, or using the instrument on its own without a full DAW setup. Read more...
Step Grid
The Step Grid is a set of parallel lines that divide a pattern or sequence into steps. By adjusting the step size or resolution of the grid, you can change the note values at which events are quantized and determine the number of discrete steps available for editing in step mode. The step grid provides a visual representation of the musical time divisions and allows for the creation of rhythmic patterns, melodic sequences, and other musical sequences based on discrete steps.
Subtractive synthesis
A form of synthesis that starts with complex waveforms and subtracts or removes harmonic content using filters and amplifiers. It is a popular synthesis technique used in synthesizers and software instruments. Subtractive synthesis typically involves generating sounds using basic waveforms, such as sine, sawtooth, square, or triangle waves, and then shaping the sound by filtering out specific frequencies using low-pass, high-pass, band-pass, or notch filters. The filtered signal is then further shaped by applying modulation, envelopes, and amplification. The term "subtractive" refers to the process of subtracting or removing harmonic content from the original waveform to achieve the desired sound. Subtractive synthesis is versatile and capable of producing a wide range of sounds, including pads, basses, leads, and more. Read more...
Swing
In DAWs (Digital Audio Workstations) and sequencers, the Swing parameter allows you to shift some of the events in a pattern or sequence to create a shuffling or groove feel. Swing affects the timing and feel of the musical.
T
Tap Tempo
A control on a time-based device, such as a delay or drum machine, that allows the user to tap multiple times in rhythm to determine the tempo at which the device functions. By tapping a button or key in time with the desired tempo, the device calculates the average tempo based on the user's taps and adjusts its timing accordingly. This feature is particularly useful when trying to synchronize a time-based effect or a rhythmic element with the tempo of a musical performance. Read more...
Threshold
The control on compressors, noise gates, and other dynamic processing devices that determines the level at which the effect will start affecting the sound source. The threshold setting specifies the point at which the input signal level must surpass or fall below for the effect to be activated. For example, in a compressor, once the input signal level exceeds the threshold, the compressor begins reducing the gain or volume of the signal according to the specified ratio. Similarly, in a noise gate, the threshold determines the level below which the gate closes, muting or attenuating the signal. The threshold control allows for precise control over the dynamics of a sound source, enabling adjustments to the sensitivity and responsiveness of the processing effect. Read more...
Timeline
In the context of a DAW (Digital Audio Workstation), the timeline refers to the horizontal area within an arrangement window where tracks are recorded, edited, and arranged. It provides a visual representation of the musical composition or arrangement in chronological order, typically from left to right. The timeline displays the arrangement structure, including the placement and duration of audio clips, MIDI data, automation, and other musical events. It allows for precise editing, arranging, and navigation within the composition, enabling the user to organize and structure their musical ideas and create a cohesive piece of music. The timeline often includes features such as zooming, scrolling, and markers to facilitate efficient workflow and navigation. Read more...
Transport
In the context of a DAW, the transport refers to the area or section of the user interface that contains the playback controls. These controls include buttons for functions such as play, pause, stop, rewind, fast-forward, record, and looping. The transport provides a convenient and accessible way to control the playback and recording of audio and MIDI within the DAW. It allows the user to start, stop, and navigate through the project, facilitating the recording, editing, and playback processes. The transport may also display the current position or timecode of the playback, as well as the tempo and other relevant information. The transport controls are essential for controlling the flow and execution of the musical composition or project. Read more...
U
Unison
A functionality found on synthesizers that layers a set number of oscillators together, all playing the same pitch, with slight detuning applied to each oscillator. The purpose of unison is to create a thicker and richer sound by combining multiple voices or copies of the same sound, which results in a more full-bodied and wider sonic character. The detuning introduces subtle pitch variations among the voices, creating a chorusing or thickening effect. The amount of detuning can usually be adjusted, allowing for different levels of thickness and intensity in the synthesized sound. Unison is commonly used in electronic music genres to create powerful and expansive sounds. Read more...
USB
Acronym for Universal Serial Bus. USB is a standard interface used for connecting devices to computers and other electronic devices. It provides a means of communication and data transfer between the connected devices. USB is widely used in the music production industry for connecting MIDI controllers, audio interfaces, external hard drives, MIDI instruments, and other peripherals to computers. USB supports plug-and-play functionality, allowing devices to be easily connected and recognized by the computer without requiring additional hardware or configuration. USB connections can transfer both data and power, making it a versatile and widely adopted interface for various audio and MIDI applications. Read more...
USB Hub
A USB hub is a device that expands a single USB port into multiple USB connections. It allows for connecting and using multiple USB devices simultaneously through a single USB port on a computer or other USB-enabled devices. A USB hub typically has multiple downstream ports where USB devices can be plugged in, and it is connected to the computer or host device via an upstream USB cable. The USB hub acts as an intermediary between the devices and the host, enabling data transfer and power distribution to the connected devices. It is particularly useful when the number of available USB ports on a computer or device is limited. However, it's important to note that all devices connected through a USB hub share the bandwidth available through its respective USB port, so data transfer speeds may be affected if multiple high-bandwidth devices are used simultaneously. USB hubs come in various configurations, including powered hubs that provide additional power to connected devices. Read more...
W
WASAPI
Acronym for "Windows Audio Session API". It is Microsoft’s multi-channel audio interface for communication with audio devices, i.e. an audio driver. Read more...
Wavetable
It is a series of waveform cycles that can be scanned through and morphed into each other. Read more...
WAV
Acronym for Waveform Audio File Format. It is the standard lossless audio file format in the digital domain. Samples, stems, and other audio files typically are recorded or come in the WAV format. Read more...
X
XLR
It is the standard electrical connector in audio that features three pins and is round. Found on many mixers and audio interfaces, usually used to connect microphones or speakers. Read more...
Z
Zero-Latency Monitoring
This refers to the functionality on some audio interfaces that let you monitor the audio signals during the recording process before it reaches the analog-to-digital converters (ADC). This is beneficial when recording audio in the digital domain as there will always be some delay when recording audio into a DAW. Read more...
Zone
In the context of KONTAKT, a zone is the keyboard mapping assigned to a sample or group of samples and contains behavioural information relating to velocity and pitch. For instance, loading a C2 piano sample into KONTAKT will automatically assign the same sample into a zone across multiple octaves so that the sample can be played with a keyboard at different pitches. Read more...
Whether you're a beginner producer or a pro, music technology and terminology can be intimidating! Use this glossary of music production terms to know what you're working with and how to continue improving your music productions.